2015年4月9日 星期四
How to setup a VNC Server in Raspberry Pi ?
1. Install x11vnc package
# sudo apt-get install x11vnc
2. Setup your password
# x11vnc –savepasswd
3. Establish a VNC connection with 1920x1080 resolution and background execution
# x11vnc –geometry 1920x1080 –bg
4. Disconnect all of the VNC connections
# x11vnc –R stop
5. Change the the default resolution of Raspberry Pi
# vim /boot/config.txt
uncomment the ‘#’ tag in front of the following string
hdmi_force_hotplug=1
hdmi_group=2
hdmi_mode=68
hdmi_mode=1 640x350 85 Hz hdmi_mode=2 640x400 85 Hz hdmi_mode=3 720x400 85 Hz hdmi_mode=4 640x480 60 Hz hdmi_mode=5 640x480 72 Hz hdmi_mode=6 640x480 75 Hz hdmi_mode=7 640x480 85 Hz hdmi_mode=8 800x600 56 Hz hdmi_mode=9 800x600 60 Hz hdmi_mode=10 800x600 72 Hz hdmi_mode=11 800x600 75 Hz hdmi_mode=12 800x600 85 Hz hdmi_mode=13 800x600 120 Hz hdmi_mode=14 848x480 60 Hz hdmi_mode=15 1024x768 43 Hz DO NOT USE hdmi_mode=16 1024x768 60 Hz hdmi_mode=17 1024x768 70 Hz hdmi_mode=18 1024x768 75 Hz hdmi_mode=19 1024x768 85 Hz hdmi_mode=20 1024x768 120 Hz hdmi_mode=21 1152x864 75 Hz hdmi_mode=22 1280x768 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=23 1280x768 60 Hz hdmi_mode=24 1280x768 75 Hz hdmi_mode=25 1280x768 85 Hz hdmi_mode=26 1280x768 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=27 1280x800 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=28 1280x800 60 Hz hdmi_mode=29 1280x800 75 Hz hdmi_mode=30 1280x800 85 Hz hdmi_mode=31 1280x800 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=32 1280x960 60 Hz hdmi_mode=33 1280x960 85 Hz hdmi_mode=34 1280x960 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=35 1280x1024 60 Hz hdmi_mode=36 1280x1024 75 Hz hdmi_mode=37 1280x1024 85 Hz hdmi_mode=38 1280x1024 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=39 1360x768 60 Hz hdmi_mode=40 1360x768 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=41 1400x1050 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=42 1400x1050 60 Hz hdmi_mode=43 1400x1050 75 Hz hdmi_mode=44 1400x1050 85 Hz hdmi_mode=45 1400x1050 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=46 1440x900 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=47 1440x900 60 Hz hdmi_mode=48 1440x900 75 Hz hdmi_mode=49 1440x900 85 Hz hdmi_mode=50 1440x900 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=51 1600x1200 60 Hz hdmi_mode=52 1600x1200 65 Hz hdmi_mode=53 1600x1200 70 Hz hdmi_mode=54 1600x1200 75 Hz hdmi_mode=55 1600x1200 85 Hz hdmi_mode=56 1600x1200 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=57 1680x1050 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=58 1680x1050 60 Hz hdmi_mode=59 1680x1050 75 Hz hdmi_mode=60 1680x1050 85 Hz hdmi_mode=61 1680x1050 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=62 1792x1344 60 Hz hdmi_mode=63 1792x1344 75 Hz hdmi_mode=64 1792x1344 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=65 1856x1392 60 Hz hdmi_mode=66 1856x1392 75 Hz hdmi_mode=67 1856x1392 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=68 1920x1200 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=69 1920x1200 60 Hz hdmi_mode=70 1920x1200 75 Hz hdmi_mode=71 1920x1200 85 Hz hdmi_mode=72 1920x1200 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=73 1920x1440 60 Hz hdmi_mode=74 1920x1440 75 Hz hdmi_mode=75 1920x1440 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=76 2560x1600 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=77 2560x1600 60 Hz hdmi_mode=78 2560x1600 75 Hz hdmi_mode=79 2560x1600 85 Hz hdmi_mode=80 2560x1600 120 Hz Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=81 1366x768 60 Hz hdmi_mode=82 1080p 60 Hz hdmi_mode=83 1600x900 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=84 2048x1152 Reduced blanking hdmi_mode=85 720p 60 Hz hdmi_mode=86 1366x768 Reduced blanking
6. Install VNC client and connect to Raspberry Pi
YourSVNServerIP:5900
Thank you.
2012年9月27日 星期四
如何開啟A20位址線 ?
Assembly code
In al, 0x92
Or al, 2
Out 0x92, al
Another way is to use the BIOS.
INT 15, 2401
mov ax, 0x2401
int 0x15
2011年8月3日 星期三
Linux內核啟動過程
Linux的啟動過程可分為兩部分：架構/開發版相關的引導過程、後續的通用啟動過程。
引導階段通常使用組合語言撰寫，首先檢查內核是否支持當前架構的處理器，然後檢查是否支持當前的開發版。通過檢查後就跳到下一階段的start_kernel函數做準備了。
主要分成下列兩個步驟
1. 連接內核時使用的虛擬位址，所以需要設置分頁表、關閉所有Cache、MMU。
2. 執行start_kernel裡的工作，包括複製Data Section、清除BSS區段、執行start_kernel函數。
第二階段的關鍵代碼主要使用C語言撰寫。進行了內核初始化的全部工作，像是輸出Linux版本訊息、設置與結構相關的環境、初始化控制台，最後執行rest_init函數啟動init過程，創建系統第一個行程：init行程。
Bootloader的結構
嵌入式Linux系統從軟體的角度通常可分成以下四個層次
1. 引導加載程式，包括固化在Firmware中的Boot代碼與Bootloader兩大部份。有些CPU在運行Bootloader之前先運行一段固化程式，比如X86結構的CPU就是先運行BIOS中的firmware，然後才運行硬碟的第一個分區(MBR)中的Bootloader。在大多數的嵌入式系統中並沒有Firmware，Bootloader是開啟後執行的第一個程式。
2. Linux內核，特定於嵌入式板子的訂製內核予內核的啟動參數。內核的啟動參數可以是內核默認的，或是由Bootloader傳遞給它的。
3. 文件系統，包括跟文件系統與建立於Flash內存設備上的文件系統。裏面包含了Linux系統能夠運行所需的應用程式、程式庫，比如可以給用戶提供操作Linux的控制介面的Shell、動態連接與運行時需要的glibc、uClibc ...等。
4. 用戶應用程式，他储存在文件系統中。有時在用戶應用程式與內核之間可能還會包括圖形介面像是Qtopia、MiniGUI...等。
2011年1月26日 星期三
Ubuntu 上編譯 RT-Thread 與 Qemu-mini2440模擬執行
平台：Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
RT-Thread : 0.4.0
1.到這裡下載Compiler
http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/arm/download.html
2.安裝SCons
$ sudo apt-get install scons
3.安裝 git-core
$ sudo apt-get install git-core
4.下載qemu-mini2440
$ git clone git://repo.or.cz/qemu/mini2440.git mini2440-qemu
5.修補qemu-mini2440
$ patch -d mini2440-qemu/ -p1 <mini2440.patch
patching file gdbstub.c
patching file hw/mini2440.c
patching file hw/s3c2410.c
patching file hw/s3c24xx_lcd.c
patching file hw/sd.c
mini2440.patch 如下
-----------------(以下開始)--------------------
diff -Nur mini2440/gdbstub.c mini2440_0308/gdbstub.c--- mini2440/gdbstub.c 2009-05-20 18:28:02 +0800
+++ mini2440_0308/gdbstub.c 2010-02-07 18:58:36 +0800
@@ -2345,7 +2345,7 @@
if (strstart(device, "tcp:", NULL)) {
/* enforce required TCP attributes */
snprintf(gdbstub_device_name, sizeof(gdbstub_device_name),
- "%s,nowait,nodelay,server", device);
+ "%s,nowait,nodelay,server,ipv4", device);
device = gdbstub_device_name;
}
#ifndef _WIN32
diff -Nur mini2440/hw/mini2440.c mini2440_0308/hw/mini2440.c
--- mini2440/hw/mini2440.c 2009-05-20 18:28:02 +0800
+++ mini2440_0308/hw/mini2440.c 2010-01-29 00:56:24 +0800
@@ -258,6 +258,9 @@
struct mini2440_board_s *s = (struct mini2440_board_s *) opaque;
uint32_t image_size;
+#if 1
+ s->cpu->env->regs[15] = S3C_RAM_BASE;
+#else
/*
* Normally we would load 4 KB of nand to SRAM and jump there, but
* it is not working perfectly as expected, so we cheat and load
@@ -298,6 +301,7 @@
mini2440_printf("loaded %s (size %x)\n", s->kernel, image_size);
}
}
+#endif
}
/* Typical touchscreen calibration values */
@@ -328,7 +332,7 @@
mini2440_printf("This platform requires an ARM920T core\n");
exit(2);
}
- s->cpu = s3c24xx_init(S3C_CPU_2440, 12000000 /* 12 mhz */, s->ram, S3C_SRAM_BASE_NANDBOOT, s->mmc);
+ s->cpu = s3c24xx_init(S3C_CPU_2440, 12000000 /* 12 mhz */, s->ram, S3C_SRAM_BASE_NORBOOT, s->mmc);
/* Setup peripherals */
mini2440_gpio_setup(s);
@@ -353,6 +357,11 @@
return s;
}
+static struct arm_boot_info mini2440_binfo = {
+ .loader_start = S3C_RAM_BASE,
+ .ram_size = 0x04000000,
+ .board_id = 0x050,
+};
static void mini2440_init(ram_addr_t ram_size,
const char *boot_device,
@@ -371,9 +380,16 @@
mini = mini2440_init_common(ram_size,
kernel_filename, cpu_model, sd);
- mini->nand = nand_init(NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x76);
+ mini->nand = nand_init(NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x76);
mini->cpu->nand->reg(mini->cpu->nand, mini->nand);
+ /* Load the kernel. */
+ if (kernel_filename) {
+ mini2440_binfo.kernel_filename = kernel_filename;
+ mini2440_binfo.kernel_cmdline = kernel_cmdline;
+ mini2440_binfo.initrd_filename = initrd_filename;
+ arm_load_kernel(mini->cpu->env, &mini2440_binfo);
+ }
mini2440_reset(mini);
}
diff -Nur mini2440/hw/s3c2410.c mini2440_0308/hw/s3c2410.c
--- mini2440/hw/s3c2410.c 2009-05-20 18:28:02 +0800
+++ mini2440_0308/hw/s3c2410.c 2010-01-29 23:33:11 +0800
@@ -1603,7 +1603,7 @@
static void s3c_adc_done(void *opaque)
{
struct s3c_adc_state_s *s = (struct s3c_adc_state_s *) opaque;
- s->xdata = s->input[s->in_idx] & 0x3ff;
+ //s->xdata = s->input[s->in_idx] & 0x3ff;
s->control |= 1 << 15;
qemu_irq_raise(s->irq);
}
@@ -1630,6 +1630,15 @@
qemu_mod_timer(s->tst, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock) +
(ticks_per_sec >> 5));
}
+ /* add by yi.qiu@2010.01.28 */
+ else
+ {
+ if (((s->ts & 3) == 3) && (s->ts & (1<<8)) && (s->enable))
+ qemu_irq_raise(s->tcirq);
+
+ qemu_mod_timer(s->tst, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock) +
+ (ticks_per_sec >> 5));
+ }
}
static void s3c_adc_event(void *opaque,
@@ -1637,8 +1646,9 @@
{
struct s3c_adc_state_s *s = (struct s3c_adc_state_s *) opaque;
s->down = !!buttons_state;
- s->x = x;
- s->y = y;
+ s->x = 32767 - y;
+ s->y = 32767 - x;
+
s3c_adc_tick(s);
}
@@ -1689,7 +1699,7 @@
break;
case S3C_ADCTSC:
- s->ts = value & 0xff;
+ s->ts = value & 0x1ff;
break;
case S3C_ADCDLY:
diff -Nur mini2440/hw/s3c24xx_lcd.c mini2440_0308/hw/s3c24xx_lcd.c
--- mini2440/hw/s3c24xx_lcd.c 2009-05-20 18:28:02 +0800
+++ mini2440_0308/hw/s3c24xx_lcd.c 2010-01-28 18:44:50 +0800
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
dirty[1] = cpu_physical_memory_get_dirty(x, VGA_DIRTY_FLAG);
dirty[0] |= dirty[1];
}
- if (dirty[0] || s->invalidate) {
+ // if (dirty[0] || s->invalidate) {
s->fn(s->palette, dest, src, s->width, s->dest_width);
maxy = y;
end = new_addr;
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
miny = y;
start = addr;
}
- }
+ // }
addr = new_addr;
dirty[0] = dirty[1];
src += src_width;
@@ -452,7 +452,9 @@
cpu_physical_memory_reset_dirty(start, end, VGA_DIRTY_FLAG);
s->srcpnd |= (1 << 1); /* INT_FrSyn */
s3c_lcd_update(s);
- dpy_update(s->ds, 0, miny, s->width, maxy);
+ /* fix qemu/2410 lcd bug */
+ dpy_update(s->ds, 0, 0, 240, 320);
+ // dpy_update(s->ds, 0, miny, s->width, maxy);
}
static void s3c_invalidate_display(void *opaque)
diff -Nur mini2440/hw/sd.c mini2440_0308/hw/sd.c
--- mini2440/hw/sd.c 2009-05-20 18:28:02 +0800
+++ mini2440_0308/hw/sd.c 2010-02-07 13:26:34 +0800
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
static void sd_set_ocr(SDState *sd)
{
/* All voltages OK, card power-up OK, Standard Capacity SD Memory Card */
- sd->ocr = 0x80ffff00;
+ sd->ocr = 0x80ff8000;
}
static void sd_set_scr(SDState *sd)
-----------------(到此結束)--------------------
5.安裝Libary
$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev libsdl-gfx1.2-dev libsdl1.2-dev
6.編譯qemu
$ cd mini2440-qemu
$ ./configure --target-list=arm-softmmu
$ make
7.安裝subversion
$ sudo apt-get install subversion
8.下載RT-Thread source code
$ svn checkout http://rt-thread.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ RT-Thread
9.修改 RT-Thread/bsp/mini2440/rtconfig.py
5 # toolchains options
6 ARCH = 'arm'
7 CPU = 's3c24x0'
8 TextBase = '0x30000000'
9
10 CROSS_TOOL = 'gcc'
11
12 if CROSS_TOOL == 'gcc':
13 PLATFORM = 'gcc'
14 EXEC_PATH = 'yourpath/compiler/bin'
15 elif CROSS_TOOL == 'keil':
16 PLATFORM = 'armcc'
17 EXEC_PATH = 'E:/Keil'
10.編譯RT-Thread
$ cd RT-Thread/bsp/min2440
$ scons
11.解壓縮SDCARD.zip
$ unzip RT-Thread/tools/SDCARD.zip
12. 複製qemu-system-arm 至 RT-Thread/tools
$ cp mini2440-qemu/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm RT-Thread/tools/
13.模擬執行
$ cd RT-Thread/tools/
$ ./qemu-system-arm -M mini2440 -kernel ../bsp/mini2440/rtthread-mini2440.axf -show-cursor -sd SDCARD -serial telnet:127.0.0.1:1200,server -serial file:virtualkbd
跟run-mini2440-sdcard.bat 比較 (for windows)
start qemu-system-arm.exe -M mini2440 -kernel ..\bsp\mini2440\rtthread-mini2440.axf -show-cursor -sd SDCARD -serial telnet:127.0.0.1:1200,server -serial file:virtualkbd
telnet 127.0.0.1 1200
14.開啟終端機
$ telnet 127.0.0.1 1200
Reference :
http://www.rt-thread.org/phpbbforum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=807
2010年10月24日 星期日
如何在Ubuntu上編譯Android ?
平台: Ubutnu
Android: 2.1
1.用apt-get安裝下列套件
•git-core
•sun-java5-jdk
•bison
•flex
•gperf
•libsd1-dev
•libsd0-dev
•build-essential
•libncurses5-dev
•zlib1g-dev
•curl
•libx11-dev
2.建立資料夾
# mkdir ~/bin(名稱隨意)
3.安裝repo
# Curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo > ~/bin/repo
4.指定eclair
# ~/bin/repo init –u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform –b
eclair
Android 1.5 (Cupcake): Kernel 2.6.27
Android 1.6 (Donut): Kernel 2.6.29
Android 2.0/2.1 (Eclair): Kernel 2.6.29
Android 2.2 (Froyo): Kernel 2.6.32
5.更新(1.5hr~2hr)
# repo sync
6.編譯(1.5hr~2hr:雙核)
# make -j 2
7.模擬器上執行畫面
2010年10月22日 星期五
嵌入式系統開發之道 菜鳥成長日誌與專案經理的私房菜
這本書真的不錯，未來想從事相關產業的一定要買來讀讀。
2010年3月19日 星期五
ARM Assembler V.S GNU Assembler
ARM與GNU Assembler差異到底有多大，只能說非常的大！用過就知道，之前就將GNU 可成功Make的程式丟到ADS(他用的是ARM Assembler，自家開發的嘛)上模擬，看看中斷點、暫存器數值、程式流程。
錯誤居然有309個(組合語言部分，C語言倒是沒什麼問題)Google了ADS_Errors_and_Warnings、An Introduction to the GNU Assembler、GNU ARM Assembler Quick Reference以及網路上各方精華才知道，問題出在哪？還一直以為是環境設置的問題(當然環境設置也很重要，弄不好一樣不能跑！)。
ADS顯示的主要錯誤
1. Error : A1163E: Unknown opcode
組譯器擺明就是看不懂
2. Error : C2470E: function prototype formal '__packed__' needs type or class - 'int' assumed
這個__attribute__((__packed__))是GNU才有的用法 ARM Assembler也是看不懂的，記得Mark(註解)起來
其實真正的錯誤是下面這些(是非常多 XD)
ARM -> GNU
INCLUDE 替換成 .INCLUDE
TCLK2 EQU PB25 替換成 .equ TCLK2, PB25
EXPORT 替換成 .global
IMPORT 替換成 .extern
DCD 替換成 .long
IF :DEF: 替換成 .IFDEF
ELSE 替換成 .ELSE
ENDIF 替換成 .ENDIF
:OR: 替換成 |
:SHL: 替換成 <<
END 替換成 .end
TCLK2 EQU PB25 替換成 .equ TCLK2, PB25
EXPORT 替換成 .global
IMPORT 替換成 .extern
DCD 替換成 .long
IF :DEF: 替換成 .IFDEF
ELSE 替換成 .ELSE
ENDIF 替換成 .ENDIF
:OR: 替換成 |
:SHL: 替換成 <<
END 替換成 .end
AREA Word, CODE, READONLY --> .text
AREA Block, DATA, READWRITE --> .data
CODE32 --> .arm
CODE16 --> .thumb
LTORG --> .ltorg
AREA Block, DATA, READWRITE --> .data
CODE32 --> .arm
CODE16 --> .thumb
LTORG --> .ltorg
For ADS environment
__asm{
rsbs dumy, var2, 0
movmi L_var_out, L_var1, lsl var2
movpl L_var_out, L_var1, asr dumy
}
For GNU environment
__asm__ __volatile__(
" rsbs %0, %3, #0;\n\r"
" movmi %1, %2, lsl %3;\n\r"
" movpl %1, %2, asr %0"
:"=r" (dumy), "=r" (L_var_out)
:"r" (L_var1), "r" (var2)
);
or
asm volatile(
" rsbs %0, %3, #0;\n\r"
" movmi %1, %2, lsl %3;\n\r"
" movpl %1, %2, asr %0"
:"=r" (dumy), "=r" (L_var_out)
:"r" (L_var1), "r" (var2)
);
不知道的人，這部分可能弄個一輩子都不知道問題在哪？明明沒有錯看半天，上面只是主要的部分，其實還有很多想不到的，像是少加了個冒號、程式前面沒空白、有的地方必須是小寫，所有令人意想不到的錯誤都出現了。如果你很習慣GNU GDB(GNU DeBugger) 或是你根本就在Windows上開發一開始就是學ARM Assembler語法，那你就沒這個問題了，但如果你要將程式從GNU轉ARM或是倒過來ARM轉GNU記得先看看。
2010年1月1日 星期五
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